Tratamiento farmacológico de los Tics

Canadian guidelines for the evidence-based treatment of tic disorders: pharmacotherapy.

Pringsheim T, Doja A, Gorman D, McKinlay D, Day L, Billinghurst L, Carroll A, Dion Y, Luscombe S, Steeves T, Sandor P.

Can J Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;57(3):133-43

Source

Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Neurologist, Director, Calgary Tourette and Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Calgary, Alberta.

Abstract

This article seeks to provide the practising clinician with guidance on the pharmacological management of tic disorders in children and adults. We performed a systematic review of the literature on the treatment of tic disorders. A multi-institutional group of 14 experts in psychiatry, child psychiatry, neurology, pediatrics, and psychology engaged in a consensus meeting. The evidence was presented and discussed, and nominal group techniques were employed to arrive at consensus on recommendations. A strong recommendation is made when the benefits of treatment clearly outweigh the risks and burdens, and can apply to most patients in most circumstances without reservation. With a weak recommendation, the benefits, risks, and burdens are more closely balanced, and the best action may differ depending on the circumstances. Based on these principles, weak recommendations were made for the use of pimozide, haloperidol, fluphenazine, metoclopramide (children only), risperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, topiramate, baclofen (children only), botulinum toxin injections, tetrabenazine, and cannabinoids (adults only). Strong recommendations were made for the use of clonidine and guanfacine (children only). While the evidence supports the efficacy of many of the antipsychotics for the treatment of tics, the high rates of side effects associated with these medications resulted in only weak recommendations for these drugs. In situations where tics are not severe or disabling, the use of a medication with only a weak recommendation is not warranted. However, when tics are more distressing and interfering, the need for tic suppression to improve quality of life is stronger, and patients and clinicians may be more willing to accept the risks of pharmacotherapy.

Mi comentario:

                debido al trabajo que desarrollamos la mayoría de nosotros, no leemos frecuentemente artículos relacionados con este problema, por lo que creo que la lectura del mismo nos ayudará a tomar decisiones ante este grupo de pacientes, sobre todo que el tratamiento con fármacos se reducía al uso de Haloperidol y a algunos que contrarrestan la ansiedad, por lo que se encuentra en este artículo publicado en PubMed un abanico de posibilidades que nos servirán, individualizando al paciente a tratarlos, de ser necesario.